Understanding Lupus: Abnormalities in the Immune System - What is lupus?

   Understanding Lupus: Abnormalities in the Immune System   

What is Lupus?

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by abnormalities in the immune system. The immune system is responsible for identifying and eliminating pathogens and abnormal cells to protect our bodies. However, in lupus patients, the immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues and cells, leading to inflammation and damage. (Lupus is not hereditary unless there is a family history.)

1. Causes and Types of Lupus

The exact cause of lupus is not fully understood, but it is known to be associated with genetic and environmental factors. Lupus is not hereditary unless there is a family history. This is a common and consistent opinion among rheumatologists in major hospitals in Korea. Therefore, there is no need to worry about genetics. Without a family history, lupus is more likely to be triggered by environmental factors or the patient's own stress sensitivity. Lupus can manifest in various forms, but it is mainly classified into the following types:

2. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is the most common form of lupus, causing inflammation throughout the body and affecting various organs. Common symptoms include skin rashes, joint pain, and kidney problems.

2.1 Cutaneous Lupus

Cutaneous lupus primarily manifests as inflammation and rashes on the skin and generally has milder symptoms compared to systemic lupus erythematosus. This form of lupus can cause rashes, discoid lesions, and hair loss on the skin.

2.2 Lupus Arthritis

Lupus arthritis mainly involves inflammation in the joints, causing symptoms such as joint pain, swelling, and limited mobility. This form of lupus can exhibit symptoms similar to rheumatoid arthritis.

3.Symptoms and Diagnosis of Lupus

Symptoms of lupus can vary and differ among individuals. Symptoms may include circular or multiple hair loss patterns. Rheumatoid arthritis or malar rash (a characteristic lupus skin manifestation) may also occur on the face. The most concerning situation is when lupus nephritis occurs, leading to kidney dysfunction. Commonly observed symptoms may include:

3.1 Fatigue and Skin Changes

Lupus patients often experience persistent fatigue, and skin changes may occur. The skin may become more sensitive, and rashes or pigmentation abnormalities may develop.

3.2 Joint Pain and Swelling

Lupus can cause inflammation in the joints, leading to joint pain and swelling. This can make everyday movements difficult.

4.Treatment and Management of Lupus

Lupus is currently an incurable disease, but treatment and management are crucial for symptom relief and prevention of complications:

4.1 Immunosuppressants and Anti-inflammatory Medications

Immunosuppressants and anti-inflammatory medications are used in the treatment of lupus. These drugs suppress excessive immune responses and reduce inflammation. Commonly used medications for lupus include CellCept and Sandimmune, which are used to reduce autoimmune reactions such as lupus nephritis. Additionally, long-term administration of corticosteroids (such as prednisone) may be necessary to alleviate inflammatory symptoms. Long-term corticosteroid use may have various side effects; however, if the daily dosage is within 5mg, the risk of side effects is considered low. (You can rest assured.) Vitamin D supplements are recommended as sunlight exposure should be avoided, and calcium supplements are used as a preventive measure against osteoporosis caused by long-term corticosteroid use.

4.2 Skin Protection and Sun Avoidance

Lupus patients need to protect their skin and avoid direct sunlight. Ultraviolet radiation can worsen lupus symptoms, so it is important to protect the skin by using adequate sunblock and wearing protective clothing. Applying sunscreen with SPF 50++ continuously can greatly assist in protecting the skin and preventing lupus symptoms.

5.Living with Lupus in Daily Life

Lupus patients need to follow certain precautions to maintain a healthy daily life:

5.1 Regular Rest and Exercise

Lupus patients should maintain regular rest and exercise to keep their bodies healthy. Adequate exercise is necessary to alleviate fatigue and maintain joint mobility.

5.2 Healthy Eating Habits and Stress Management

Maintaining healthy eating habits and managing stress can help relieve lupus symptoms. It is important to maintain a balanced diet and effectively manage stress.

6.Living with Lupus

Although lupus is a challenging condition, it is possible to improve the quality of life through appropriate treatment, management, and a positive attitude. Collaborating with healthcare professionals, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and approaching life with confidence and enthusiasm can lead to a better life even with lupus. Lupus is not a devastating illness. By keeping a calm mind, minimizing stress in daily life, and cultivating the mind and body, you can lead a life that is even better than that of an average person. Therefore, there is no need to be overwhelmed if you are diagnosed with lupus. Lupus is a well-known disease even recognized by the famous American singer Lady Gaga. It is a common condition, and being diagnosed with lupus does not mean you have to lose hope. Embrace self-confidence and enjoy your daily life.

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